We’ve all heard of CBD. It is normal that, when talking about cannabinoids, it is cannabidiol that gets all the attention. However, there is a wide variety of compounds in this plant that are also beginning to stand out for their particular characteristics. Among them, CBG, called the “mother cannabinoid,” has attracted attention. Both compounds are derived from cannabis, are non-psychoactive, and have been the subject of scientific studies for their potential effects on well-being. Now, what makes them different? How do they act in the body? And above all, why choose between CBG and CBD (or both)?
CBD and CBG: origin, characteristics and evolution
Before seeing how each one acts in the body, it is important to understand where they come from and what their journey has been. Although both come from the same plant, their concentrations, functions and presence in available products are very different.
What is CBD and why has it gained prominence?
Cannabidiol, or CBD, is one of the most studied cannabinoids in the cannabis plant. It is found in higher concentration than other compounds and, unlike THC, does not alter perception or mental state. Its profile has been explored in different contexts for its possible ability to influence the balance of the nervous system, inflammation and rest. This wide presence and versatility of applications have made it an ally of the wellness industry and even a common ingredient in CBD creams, balms or oils.
What is CBG and why does it attract attention?
Cannabigerol, or CBG, is less well known, but it is key in the biosynthesis of other cannabinoids. Its acidic form (CBGA) is the starting point from which CBD, THC, CBC and other cannabinoids derive, hence it is known as “the mother cannabinoid”. However, since much of the CBGA is converted to these other compounds during plant maturation, CBG is usually found in very low concentrations. Only recently, thanks to advances in cultivation techniques and the development of specific strains, has it been possible to obtain greater quantities. Its possible influence on areas such as digestive health, immune response or neuronal activity has begun to be studied.
How CBD and CBG work in the body
Both CBD and CBG interact with the endocannabinoid system, a biological network involved in functions such as pain, mood, and inflammatory response. However, they do it in different ways. CBD does not bind directly to CB1 and CB2 receptors, but rather modulates them indirectly. This characteristic gives it some flexibility in how it influences different processes in the body.
CBG, on the other hand, has shown a more direct affinity for these receptors. It is considered a partial agonist, which means that it could activate certain mechanisms with greater specificity. This difference has drawn attention in studies that analyze its possible more localized or immediate effect on certain functions (Calapai et al., 2022).
Other mechanisms studied: receptors and enzymes
Both cannabinoids have also been analyzed for their interaction with other systems in the body. One of them is the TRPV1 receptor, linked to pain perception and temperature. Another is the FAAH enzyme, which regulates levels of anandamide, a natural molecule associated with emotional balance and feelings of relief. These parallel paths allow us to observe that both CBD and CBG could influence similar processes, although through different routes.
Properties of CBD and CBG: what has been studied and how they could influence well-being
Many of the studies on these cannabinoids have focused on looking at how they might be involved in processes related to inflammation, physical discomfort, or brain function. Although research is still ongoing, there are certain areas where preliminary results have aroused considerable interest.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity: comparison between CBD and CBG
CBD has been extensively studied for its possible ability to influence immune system molecules known as cytokines, which are related to the body’s inflammatory responses (Atalay et al., 2019). This property has been explored in relation to joint discomfort or skin problems. On the other hand, CBG has been analyzed in laboratory studies on intestinal inflammation, including conditions such as colitis, where it is observed that it could intervene in how inflammation is regulated (Li et al., 2022).
In addition, both compounds have been recognized for their potential as antioxidants. This means that they could help neutralize free radicals, molecules that damage cells and are associated with aging and other cellular alterations (Calapai et al., 2024). Together, these protective actions of both compounds have led to new lines of research into their role in the overall balance of the body.
CBD and CBG vs. Pain: Possible Differences in Their Mechanisms
As for pain, CBD has been linked to its interaction with a protein called TRPV1, which is part of a system that regulates pain perception and body temperature (Blebea et al., 2024). That is why it has been considered in studies that investigate prolonged discomfort, muscle tension or stiffness in joints.
CBG, although less studied, has also shown promising signs. It has been observed that it could interact more directly with specific receptors of the endocannabinoid system, such as those called CB1 and CB2. This interaction could be related to more specific effects on types of pain such as acute or nervous-origin (Li et al., 2022; Calapai et al., 2024). This suggests that each of these compounds could act at specific times or types of discomfort.
Neuroprotective potential of CBD and CBG according to current research
The effects of CBD and CBG on the nervous system have also been analyzed. In the case of CBD, studies suggest that it could help reduce inflammation in the brain and protect neurons from damage caused by so-called oxidative stress, which is a form of cellular imbalance related to neurodegenerative diseases (Fernández-Ruiz et al., 2013).
In the case of CBG, research is underway to determine whether it could play a significant role in protecting neurons and in functions such as memory or concentration. Some studies explore its possible influence on the regulation of the immune system within the brain, which could open doors to future applications in the neurological field (Granja et al., 2012). Although these investigations are in early stages, they represent a valuable starting point for understanding their potential scope.
Topical Applications: Physical Wellness Skincare
One of the most common ways to find these compounds is in products for external application. CBD has been studied for its potential ability to hydrate and soothe the skin (Ikarashi et al., 2021), and also for its potential to contribute to situations such as redness, irritation, or oily acne-prone skin (Peryavian et al., 2022).
Both CBD and CBG are being used in creams or ointments that seek to relieve specific areas of the body, especially where there is muscle or joint discomfort. As they are applied directly to the skin, their action is localized, which can be advantageous when looking for a focused effect (Blebea et al., 2024).
The Entourage Effect: Possible Synergies Between CBD and CBG
There is a theory known as the “entourage effect” that various compounds present in cannabis may work better when used together than when applied separately. In the case of CBD and CBG, some researchers believe that their combination could generate a more balanced and complete effect (Russo, 2011).
Although this idea is still being explored, there are already products looking to take advantage of this potential synergy. The combination of both compounds could benefit different areas of well-being, such as body balance, relaxation or localized relief.
CBD and CBG Production: Why Is CBG Harder to Get than CBD?
The naturally low concentration of CBG in traditional cannabis strains makes it more complex to extract. During plant maturation, CBGA is almost completely converted into other compounds, forcing large quantities of the plant to be processed to get enough CBG. These conditions have made it difficult and expensive to acquire CBG for products or research. CBD, on the other hand, is found in a higher proportion and its extraction is more efficient. This availability has favored the development of a wider range of products, in addition to allowing technological advances that have improved their purity and accessibility.
New CBG-rich cannabis strains
However, thanks to advances in selective breeding techniques, specific strains with high levels of CBG have been developed. These new varieties allow their extraction to be more viable, thus facilitating research and development of products with this compound as the protagonist.
Safety, Side Effects, and Legality of CBD and CBG
Overall, both CBD and CBG have shown a favorable safety profile in available studies. Mild side effects such as fatigue or digestive discomfort have been reported, which usually disappear when the amount applied is adjusted. As a precaution, it is recommended to start with small amounts and observe individual tolerance and the effects it has on the body before proceeding to use larger amounts.
It’s also critical to be aware of potential drug interactions, so consulting with a healthcare professional is important if you’re already taking any type of treatment or if you have specific health conditions. As for the legal, the regulation varies by country. In Spain, for example, its use is only authorized in topical and collector’s applications, as long as the products contain less than 0.2% THC. We recommend that you consult the legislation in force in your territory to make responsible use of these compounds.
Conclusion: The Joint Potential of CBD and CBG
Understanding the differences between CBD and CBG not only helps distinguish their origins or mechanisms, but also allows you to see how they might influence physical and mental well-being differently. Each one has a unique profile and continues to be the subject of specific research, and even its potential is explored by coming together and taking advantage of both their commonalities and their differences to give a more complete approach to well-being.
At Maionais, we believe that staying informed is a fundamental part of mindful care. If you are interested in delving deeper into this topic, in our blog you will find simple explanations based on science, and in our store you will find verified, certified and carefully selected products to bring you the best of CBD and CBG at the best price.
References:
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- Blebea, N. M., Pricopie, A. I., Vlad, R. A., Hancu, G. (2024). Phytocannabinoids: Exploring Pharmacological Profiles and Their Impact on Therapeutical Use. International journal of molecular sciences, 25(8), 4204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084204
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