Hemp, marijuana, cannabis… These are terms that are often confused and generate doubts. For many people, these words conjure up different images: from industrial fields to recreational or therapeutic uses. But do we really know how they differ? Why is one accepted in several sectors while the other is still the subject of debate and regulation?
Over the years, these terms have been used interchangeably, which has contributed to some confusion. In this article, we will explore the key differences between hemp and marijuana, dispelling myths and clarifying their relationship to the umbrella term “cannabis.” In addition, we will see how these concepts affect the production and marketing of products such as: CBD flowers, CBD hash, or CBD oils.
Hemp and marijuana: a history of cannabis
At first glance, hemp and marijuana may seem similar, but when we look at their characteristics more closely, we find noticeable differences that affect their cultivation, processing, and end use.
Both plants come from the same species, Cannabis sativa, one of the most cultivated cannabis strains in human history. The word “cannabis” has been used for centuries to refer to this plant in general, without distinguishing between its different types. However, over time, humans have developed and adapted their crops for specific purposes through selection and genetic improvement, which has given rise to the varieties we know today as hemp and marijuana.
Hemp has been harnessed since ancient times for its resilience and versatility in making fabrics, ropes, paper, and more, while marijuana has historically been cultivated with a focus on its psychoactive effects. This differentiation in their uses was possible thanks to the intentional selection of the desired genetic traits. Over time, farmers have honed specific traits in each strain, such as the low THC production in hemp for industrial use, or the high THC content in marijuana to maximize its effects. This evolution influences the way both plants are regulated today, as well as their perception within society.
Botanical and structural differences
Hemp and marijuana belong to the same genus (cannabis) but have been cultivated for different purposes over time. Their botanical and structural differences influence their growth, appearance, and how they are used.
Height and structure
Hemp is a thin, elongated plant that can reach up to 5 meters in height. Its growth occurs vertically, with thin and dispersed leaves, which allows its efficient use in the production of fibers. On the other hand, marijuana is a more compact and leafy plant, usually not exceeding 2 meters in height, with dense lateral branches that favor the development of flowers rich in cannabinoids.
Differences in leaves
Hemp leaves are thinner and more elongated, with a less leafy appearance compared to marijuana. Cannabis leaves, on the other hand, are wider and have a more bushy appearance, which contributes to light absorption to maximize flower production.
Growth cycle
Hemp grows quickly and can be grown in different types of climates, reaching maturity in approximately 3 to 4 months. Marijuana, on the other hand, requires a longer growing period and controlled conditions, especially in terms of light and humidity, to maximize the yield of its flowers.
Flowers and stems
While hemp is primarily grown for its fibrous stem and produces few flowers, marijuana has been genetically selected to generate large amounts of dense, resinous flowers that are rich in cannabinoids like THC.
These structural differences affect not only the appearance of both plants, but also the specific cultivation methods and uses of each. While hemp is used in industries such as textiles and food, marijuana is primarily grown for its recreational properties and, in some cases, for medical research.
Cannabinoid composition: THC and CBD
Cannabinoids are the natural chemical compounds in cannabis and those responsible for its effects on the human body. Among them, the best known are the THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), both of which are found in very different proportions in hemp and marijuana.
- Hemp: Contains less than 0.3% THC, which means it has no psychoactive effects. Instead, it’s rich in CBD, a non-intoxicating compound with relaxing properties and researched for its potential wellness applications.
- Marijuana: May contain THC levels above 20%, which causes psychoactive effects and alters perception, mood and behaviour. For this reason, it is used for medicinal and recreational purposes in places where its consumption is regulated.
This difference in composition is key to understanding why hemp is used in industry and medicine without restrictions as strict as marijuana.
Uses and applications of hemp and marijuana
The differences in chemical composition and structure mean that each plant has very different applications, from the textile industry to medicine.
Hemp: an industrial and sustainable resource
Hemp is one of the most versatile plants out there. Its strength and growth speed make it an ideal material for multiple sectors:
- Textile and paper industry: Hemp fiber is known for its durability and strength. It is used in the manufacture of clothing, ropes, carpets, and even in the manufacture of eco-friendly paper.
- Sustainable construction: Hemp is used in the production of hemp blocks, an eco-friendly material that is positioning itself as a sustainable alternative to cement, thanks to its thermal insulation capacity and lower carbon footprint.
- Food and well-being: Hemp seeds are an exceptional source of protein, essential fatty acids, and minerals. They are used in the production of oils, flours and nutritional supplements.
- Bioplastics and fuels: Thanks to its rapid growth and low environmental impact, hemp is being researched for the production of biodegradable plastics and biofuels, offering eco-friendly alternatives to petroleum products.
Its sustainable potential and the large number of derived products make hemp one of the plants with the greatest positive industrial impact.
Potential Beneficial Effects of Hemp
In addition to its industrial applications, hemp has aroused interest due to its potential benefits derived from its high CBD content. It is believed that cannabidiol can have relaxing effects and contribute to overall well-being without generating the psychoactive effects associated with THC (Blebea et al., 2024).
Hemp oil, for example, is widely used in cosmetics and skincare products due to its potential moisturizing and antioxidant properties (Tijani et al., 2021). It is also common to find it in natural supplements focused on promoting relaxation and body balance. Although studies are still being carried out on its specific benefits, many people have integrated it into their daily routine in search of a calming and balancing effect.
Marijuana and its recreational and experimental use
Marijuana, on the other hand, is widely recognized for its high THC content, making it a recreational plant in countries where its regulation allows. THC is mainly responsible for the psychoactive effects of marijuana, generating feelings of euphoria or sensory alteration. Their recreational use has been the subject of debate and their regulation varies from country to country.
In addition, marijuana continues to be the subject of numerous scientific investigations that seek to accurately determine its potential therapeutic applications. Although some studies have suggested that certain cannabinoids may have beneficial effects in certain situations, the scientific community continues to analyze their safety and effectiveness in various contexts. As a result, its use in the medical field remains subject to strict regulations and is constantly being reviewed.
Regulations and legal differences
In Spain, hemp is legal as long as it is grown for industrial purposes, such as the production of fibers, seeds or oils, and that its THC content does not exceed 0.2%. For this, the use of certified seeds is mandatory and cannabinoids cannot be extracted from the plant without special authorization.
On the other hand, marijuana is still more strictly regulated. Its recreational use is not permitted, but in some cases its cultivation is authorized for medicinal or research purposes under specific regulations. In general, if you are interested in cannabis-derived products, the ideal is to inform yourself well and buy them in places that comply with current regulations.
CBD, although not a controlled substance, has specific regulations on its production. To ensure that you are compliant, it is best to buy CBD products from certified and trusted sources.
Conclusion
Throughout this article, we have explored the key differences between hemp and marijuana, debunking myths and clarifying their relationship to the term “cannabis.” Although both plants come from the same species, their composition, uses, and regulations have led them down very different paths. While hemp has established itself as a sustainable industrial resource, marijuana continues to generate debate due to its THC content and recreational applications.
Whether you’re looking for hemp-derived products such as CBD flowers, CBD hash, or CBD oils, it is important to make sure that they come from certified sources and comply with current regulations. Understanding these differences not only helps to make informed decisions, but also allows us to rediscover the enormous potential of this ancient plant. Whether in industry, wellness, or research, hemp and marijuana remind us that knowledge is the key to breaking down preconceptions and enjoying all that nature has to offer.
And of course, don’t forget to visit CBD mayons and find out more.
References
- Blebea, N. M., Pricopie, A. I., Vlad, R. A., & Hancu, G. (2024). Phytocannabinoids: Exploring pharmacological profiles and their impact on therapeutic use. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(8), 4204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084204
- Tijani, A. O., Thakur, D., Mishra, D., Frempong, D., Chukwunyere, U. I., & Puri, A. (2021). Delivering therapeutic cannabinoids through the skin: current status and future prospects. Journal of Controlled Release, 334, 427-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.005
